“Ironic Points of Light” by Bronwen Durocher

A friend of mine wrote this on her blog, The True Fight, and I found it to be an insightful appraisal how many of us feel during these times of frustration, fear, and uncertainty.  Please take the time to read it.   

Ironic Points of Light

April 17, 2013

When I graduated from high school in 2005, our class chose to print the emphatic and petulant “We don’t care” on the back of our t-shirts. A bit of hubris? Perhaps. But caring meant believing in something other than what we had already confronted in our post-industrial society at the ripe age of seventeen: we are always-already doomed.  Consider the context.  We had watched the twin towers and our own sense of security crumble as we were ushered into our freshman year. We had watched SARS and Swine Flu sweep the globe into a nebulous media cloud reminiscent of the airborne toxic event in Don DeLillo’s White Noise. It was (is) a world of endless information, of terror attacks, genocide, human trafficking, and despair.  Of course we wanted (want) social justice, equality, compassion, democracy, and truth.  But we can hardly say this words without laughing. We longfor meaning—but how, and in what way?  With round-the-clock access to horror, poverty, genocide, hatred, corruption, capitalism and catastrophe, our senior slogan lent us a certain blasé shield we deemed necessary to survive in a world where caring meant aligning oneself with an inevitably fallible cause.  We watched the world fall apart on computer, phone, and television screens, and in the process we forgot to look around and feel something, or anything at all.

I felt that way again today.  When I walked into work at the Rodeo bar and saw the gory photos on the cover of the New York dailies, I promptly flipped them over.  I couldn’t stand to see another gory picture of some unsuspecting Bostonian suffering and in pain. The photos of the senseless violence and destruction on the covers of these papers felt like they had no narrative.  Here it was, the first terrorist attack on American soil since 9/11.  And yet, for a generation who has grown up with the constant threat of oblivion in our collective conscious, it’s just not that shocking. We turn the dailies over, and we pour ourselves a drink. In my case, I mixed some margaritas.  It was just another day.  Just something else we have to endure.

When I look around at my generation, I see a unique problem. We’re not uninformed.  We’re not less aware than previous generations. In fact, we have unprecedented access to everything happening in the streets in Boston; a school in Newtown; a theater in Aurora. Anything monumental that happens out in the world is available almost immediately, down to the minute, at our literal fingertips.

And yet, is access to every single person’s thoughts (my own included) on every catastrophe helpful or does it make us immune to the horrors themselves? And what makes one horror more significant than the endemic, systematic ones? Is it the randomness of it that makes it so collectively terrifying? In this country, our prisons are overflowing, deep-rooted isolationism and a blind devotion to the second amendment bars us from any kind of reasonable gun control, the national debt is a number so large that we simply pretend it doesn’t exist, the ICE deports American citizens in absurd numbers, we’re still embroiled in combat in Afghanistan, the American “embassy” in Iraq is as big as the Vatican, and it’s come out that the president has the power to shoot you down in your own home using drones. (And no one seems to give a shit.) Let’s not even mention human trafficking, child slavery, diamond mines, etc., etc. It’s like the entire population (of this country and elsewhere) have decided they too, “Don’t Care.” (Fuck the t-shirt. Let’s all tattoo this on our foreheads.)

Of course, caring (or engaging sort of pragmatically helpful way and not on a facebook wall or in an instagram post) seems futile. What in the world can we do about all of this? How do we find meaning?  Should we protest? Buy local? Vote Ron Paul?  We can’t figure out how to deal with any of these postmodern catastrophes.  We occupy Wall Street, but we then we buy clothes made by children for Forever 21.  We recycle our bottles, but never leave our laptops unplugged. (We wouldn’t want to miss out on that Facebook post for the global warming fundraiser.) We talk about changing the two-party system, but then we donate to the party of our choice because, well, F that other guy. We get mad about the electoral college, about campaign spending, and about lobbyists, but then in between elections we kind of forget.  Once we’ve posted that we’ve prayed for Boston on our Facebooks and instagram accounts we feel a little better and then we move on with our lives. We laugh.  We read The Onion and remind ourselves that this cynicism (and a healthy dose of alcohol) will get us through this.  What else can we do?  Terrorists will be terrorists.  That’s what these wars are for, amirite?

And yet, maybe there is something better.  At least for me, there is.  Whenever I feel like every protest is useless, that every charitable organization does more harm than good, or that we’ll be embroiled in endless combat for generations to come, and there’s nothing we can do about it, I think about Theodor Adorno. When Theodor Adorno wrote (in response to the Holocaust poet/survivor Paul Celan), Art may be the only remaining medium of truth in an age of incomprehensible terror and suffering,” he was speaking about the only kind of protection I think we can claim against the dismal reality of our (post)modern world.

In the face of the massive, mind-numbing horror, it’s only through poetry, prose, and art that I find tools to engage with the kind of despair and helplessness that accompanies unprecedented access to terrorism, death, and senseless destruction and devastation across the globe. Literature and poetry are the antithesis to chaos.  They’re attempt at meaning and understanding.  Whenever a poet or writer or artist sits down to compose a few lines, or to represent what they feel, they always do so in the face of the fact that we’re always-already doomed. Art is the antithesis of destruction. I’m not saying all art is good art.  I’m not saying that literature will bring back the dead or feed the hungry. 

What I am saying is that we need a narrative. And say what you will about the media’s relentless coverage of the attacks, it’s only through the ceaseless attempts to write and contextualize and to speak about this new suffering that we’ll be able to endure it.  Like Ian McEwan said in his famous 9/11 piece for The Guardian, “Emotions have their narrative, after the shock, we move inevitable to the grief, and the sense that we are doing it more or less together is one tiny scrap of consolation.” (Please, please read this article here. It’s a comfort.) It’s no accident that Ian McEwan, who writes so profoundly about the horror of those terrorist attacks is himself a fiction writer.

 What evidence of humanity do we have left, if not in art? Of course literature can be difficult, and, at times, oppressive.  But it wasn’t in History or Journalism classes that I heard my Professor say that man’s only redeeming quality is his (her) capacity for love.  On many levels, art appeals to our human frailties. It is a uniquely human project, after all, and it is in this sense a reflection of all facets of the human experience, be it good, bad, happy, sad, greedy, lustful, sick, detached, or lonely.  We reflect, inflict, and infect the world as we live it, and the more complicated we get, the better our literature and art reflects these complications. Or perhaps we simply reflect the same complications in a new way, as Shakespeare, the metaphysical poets, Homer and Virgil all grapple with familiar themes of mortality, powerlessness in the face of death, violence, and jealousy, and best of all, capacity for love.  Not to mention the many interesting and nuanced stories we tell in respect to our various Gods. It’s these essential human questions, and the all-powerful frame of the story that gives us some way of imparting any kind of meaning at all.

Even when we encounter evil in literature, it is a way of understanding evil that is a sharing in it.  And when we share in these things, we begin to understand where they might come from.  We begin to imagine why someone would want to do something evil; and once we do this, we are far better equipped to feel empathy.  If we feel lonely and afraid, we can find some example in art that reflects and shares in this feeling.  Take, for example, this selection of W.H. Auden’s poem, September 1, 1939, written in New York City on the brink of WWII:

September 1, 1939

 

I sit in one of the dives

On Fifty-second Street

Uncertain and afraid

As the clever hopes expire

Of a low dishonest decade:

Waves of anger and fear

Circulate over the bright

And darkened lands of the earth,

Obsessing our private lives;

The unmentionable odour of death

Offends the September night.

 

Accurate scholarship can

Unearth the whole offence

From Luther until now

That has driven a culture mad,

Find what occurred at Linz,

What huge imago made

A psychopathic god:

I and the public know

What all schoolchildren learn,

Those to whom evil is done

Do evil in return.

From the conservative dark

Into the ethical life

The dense commuters come,

Repeating their morning vow;

“I will be true to the wife,

I’ll concentrate more on my work,”

And helpless governors wake

To resume their compulsory game:

Who can release them now,

Who can reach the deaf,

Who can speak for the dumb?

 

All I have is a voice

To undo the folded lie,

The romantic lie in the brain

Of the sensual man-in-the-street

And the lie of Authority

Whose buildings grope the sky:

There is no such thing as the State

And no one exists alone;

Hunger allows no choice

To the citizen or the police;

We must love one another or die.

 

Defenceless under the night

Our world in stupor lies;

Yet, dotted everywhere,

Ironic points of light

Flash out wherever the Just

Exchange their messages:

May I, composed like them

Of Eros and of dust,

Beleaguered by the same

Negation and despair,

Show an affirming flame.

Here, instead of proscribing a solution to this horrible, brave new world (which is as wearisome as can be to the modern reader) Auden renders these phenomenon as difficult as their experience. All of a sudden the massive onslaught of 20th and 21st century horror becomes a narrative one can bend and twist at one’s command. That power is intoxicating.  It’s also incredibly hopeful. Of course, that doesn’t mean I believe poetry solves everything—quite the opposite.  What I mean is just this: the better the art we digest, the better equipped we are to dealing with our horrifying realities, and the more hopeful we feel. Our imaginations are powerful tools—tools absolutely necessary to inspire the empathy we need in this global climate. Writing and reading stories is an immensely important project because it is a particularly humane project.  It is essentially a process ofunderstanding one another and our world.

And today, when we think about the horrors inflicted upon innocent Americans over the past twelve months, art provides comfort. In moments like this, moments when Obama tells us to pray (What use is prayer to the atheist?) that we begin to ask the bigger questions.  What’s the most important thing about our lives? Are we redeemable in any way? What connects any of us? Again, we long for meaning, and for meanings that reflect the complications we must continue to experience and endure. I think there’s a reason why Adorno’s thought that “Art may be the only remaining medium of truth in an age of incomprehensible terror and suffering,” means so much to us as we digest and try to make sense of massive, senseless tragedy. It’s no surprise that in the days following 9/11 one of the best articles written about that horror was an essay called “Only love and then oblivion,” by novelist Ian McEwan.  In the wake of chaos, it is the artist, the poet, and the novelist who provides comfort, who helps us remember (when we start to forget) what it means to be human.

https://thetruefight.squarespace.com/thetruefight/2013/4/17/ironic-points-of-light

Bronwen Durocher

Islamic Feminism: Combating gender inequality with Islam

Here is an article that I recently wrote for the Quilliam Foundation’s blog:

Nowadays, feminism comes in many forms.  The current existence of an array of feminisms disqualifies (or should disqualify) the commonly held notion that feminism is a singular movement that represents the values of a group of women who are predominantly western, white, and middle-class.  An interesting thread of the collective fabric known as ‘feminism’ is Islamic feminism.  Generally speaking, Islamic feminism seeks establish gender equality through the use of a distinctly Islamic paradigm.  However, given that there is widespread and documented subordination, repression, and abuse of women throughout the Muslim world, much of which done in the name of Islam or via one Islamic prescription or another (a favorite theme in many Western denigrations of Islam), the coupling of the words ‘Islamic’ and ‘feminism’ seems contradictory.  In other words, Islam is incompatible with feminism, and vice-versa.

 It is within this contradiction that Islamic feminists find their raison d’être.  They assert that Islam itself is a gender-equal religion that has been distorted by the male-dominated tradition of Islamic jurisprudence.  At the core of this man-made distortion is patriarchy, which was the form of familial and social ordering that dominated the Arabian Peninsula prior to the birth of Islam.  Islamic feminists argue that the patriarchal constructs and nature of 7th century Arabia were infused and incorporated by the male jurists who, over the centuries to come, developed and formulated the Islam that we see today.  In order to rectify this, Islamic feminists have tasked themselves with deconstructing the gendered Islamic discourses that are unfortunately in the mainstream, especially in contexts where shariah law is implemented, such as in Iran and Saudi Arabia.

 Many Islamic feminists strive to cleanse Islam of its patriarchal influences and tendencies in a variety of ways.  In Iran, patriarchal shariah law, sharply imposed by the state, is the target of many Iranian Islamic feminists. In their efforts to promote gender equality, Iranian Islamic feminists, such as Ziba Mir-Hosseini, use a dynamic and gender-sensitive form of ijtihad to reinterpret the male-dominated fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and present a version of shariah that upholds Islam’s gender-equal principles.  Similarly, notable Pakistani Islamic feminist, Asma Barlas, asserts that the Quran is an “egalitarian and antipatriarchal” document.  She seeks to prove this by reinterpreting its text with an interpretative methodology called hermeneutics.  Hermeneutical interpretations require analyzing the context within which the text was written, the text’s grammatical composition, and its Weltanschauung, or worldview.  In other words, hermeneutics allows the reader to “read in between the lines” and contextualize the content of a given text by taking into account various historical, linguistic, social elements, thus revealing the text’s true character and meaning.

 Islamic feminists’ efforts to rid Islam of its patriarchal nature through the use of gender-friendly reinterpretations are quite compelling.  By shining a critical light on Islam’s male-dominated jurisprudential tradition, many Islamic feminists have exposed its widespread and theologically unwarranted patriarchal tendencies, and have discredited the notion that Islam is a gender-unequal religion.  Overall, Islamic feminism is a highly progressive force within Islam.  It provides a mode for Muslim women to advocate gender equality and maintain their Muslim identity at the same time.  However, despite the compelling arguments put forth by Islamic feminists, gender equality in many Muslim-majority countries is likely to remain an elusive ideal.  Islamic feminist discourses still remain on the periphery and Islam’s male-dominated and patriarchal jurisprudential tradition is highly entrenched.  Moreover, patriarchal “(mis)interpretations” of Islam are just one element that underpins gender inequality in the Muslim world.  Harsh, regional economic conditions, food insecurity, poor education levels, and violent conflict are other factors, which influence, exacerbate, and perpetuate gender inequality.  Thus, for legitimate progress to be made on the gender front, Islamic feminist discourses must be coupled with widespread social, economic, and political reforms.  Such reforms would create an environment far more conducive to the spread of gender equality.

Hayden Pirkle, Research intern

http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/blog/islamic-feminism-combating-gender-inequality-with-islam/

Operation Pillar of Defence Revisited

Here is an excerpt from an article that I recently had published in Strife, a student-operated online magazine/blog out of Kings College London, which covers conflict in its many forms.

 

The outbreak of violence between Israeli and Hamas forces that erupted in mid-November 2012 and captivated spectators’ attention across the globe is now just a minor blip on the radar of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It is amazing how short-term the media’s and the general public’s respective memories can be. Our attention spans are seemingly short, as even major events quickly fall into obscurity. In review, at the time of the latest spurt of Israeli-Palestinian conflict, there was widespread speculation among political pundits that the Israeli campaign in Gaza, dubbed “Operation Pillar of Defence”, was fuelled by Israeli Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu’s motivations to ensure victory in the forthcoming elections in January 2013. The elections have come and gone. The results are in. As such, it is worth revisiting November’s conflict in order to connect the dots, if any, between Pillar of Defence and the 2013 Israeli elections.

 

The remainder of the article can be found via the following link:

http://strifeblog.org/2013/03/23/operation-pillar-of-defence-revisited/

Image

This is a photo of street graffiti that I took in Beirut in 2009, a couple of months after Israel’s “Operation Cast Lead” in Gaza. 

Dutch artist Ruud van Empel talks about his art, including how to portray black children

Reblogged from Africa is a Country:

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About a month ago, we came across the 'World’ series by Dutch photographer Ruud van Empel. Initially, his art stood out because of the 'race' and age of his models, the majority of whom are black children. Since the artist, as we soon learned, grew up in a small and rather homogeneously white southern Dutch town, it seemed unlikely that this apparent preference simply occurred by chance.

Read more… 1,234 more words

Representing innocence through black, rather than white children, is a great concept. The way that he digitally created the images is also quite impressive.

Stop Female Genital Mutilation Conference

Yesterday, on behalf of the organization I’m interning for, I attended a conference on female genital mutilation at Amnesty International’s London office.  Here is the writeup that I did for the Quilliam Foundation.

Ending Female Genital Mutilation – Conference

Female genital mutilation (FGM), otherwise known as female circumcision or female genital cutting, is a prevalent, grotesque, and often ignored phenomenon that is afflicting many minority communities in the European Union, including the UK.  This was the primary message put forth by the experts speaking at the “Ending Female Genital Mutilation: Exploring policies, approaches, and lessons” conference, which was hosted at Amnesty International’s London office.  Organized by the Iranian and Kurdish Women’s Rights Organization (IKWRO) and the Foundation for Women’s Health Research and Development (FORWARD) and as a part of Amnesty’s “End FGM” European campaign, the conference brought together a diverse field of experts to provide insight into an array of FGM’s general aspects and the nuances of the European context.

FGM describes the partial or complete removal of the external female genitalia.  According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 100 to 140 million females currently living today have undergone FGM and an additional two million girls face the risk of FGM each year.  FGM is predominantly carried out on girls from infancy until 15 years of age.  The majority of these girls and women live in either 28 specific African countries, a few in the Middle East and Asia, and in immigrant communities throughout Europe, the United States, Australia and New Zealand.  Many girls and women enter Europe already having experienced FGM, while many others endure FGM within Europe itself or while travelling home to their “country of origin.”  It is estimated that there are over 500,000 victims of FGM currently residing in Europe and some 20,000 women from FGM-practising countries seek asylum in EU countries each year.  FORWARD estimates that some 20,000 girls under the age of 16 could be at risk of FGM in England and Wales.

Unfortunately, Quilliam was only able to attend a one section of the day-long conference, but nonetheless we were privy to several informative lectures.  Efua Dorkenoo of Equality Now gave an interesting lecture on data collection on FGM.  After wryly admitting that data is rather “boring”, Dorkenoo put the importance of data in perspective for the audience by explaining that without data, governmental policies cannot be affected and improved.  In her words, “If you don’t have the data then there isn’t a problem.”  And there is undoubtedly a problem, so data must be collected to present to policymakers.  However, despite the importance of data on FGM, it has proven rather difficult to acquire in European countries.  Unlike Africa, for which solid data is available because of its countries’ openness about FGM, the picture in Europe is rather different.  This is largely because of the general “sensitivity” of the subject and the fact that FGM only affects minority communities in EU countries.  Questions pertaining to FGM on national surveys or censuses might be “offensive” for the mainstream population and thus are left out of such information-gathering devices.  Additionally, even if questions pertaining to FGM were added to national surveys, there is a high likelihood that they would be left unanswered by women subjected to FGM.  Because of these impediments to sound data collection, Dorkenoo suggested an alternative; all females giving birth in European hospitals who are observed to have FGM should be documented over a fixed period of time.  At least then, there would be robust data on females of child-bearing age who have been subjected to FGM.

Fadela Novak of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) gave a statistical overview of FGM and female asylum seekers in the EU.  She provided an array of data on the topic, some of which is listed in the second paragraph.  However, the most striking part of her lecture was not the statistical data, but rather an anecdote about a woman seeking asylum in Belgium who had experienced FGM.  This woman began telling her assigned social worker that she had experienced FGM prior to her arrival to Belgium.  Her social worker stopped her and told her that she didn’t know what female genital mutilation was.  The anecdote continued on with the FGM victim expressing her frustration and dismay that the person sent to help her did not even know about the widespread injustice that she, along millions of other women like her, have suffered.  This account perhaps encapsulates the message put forth at the during Quilliam’s time at the conference: that FGM is an often ignored or unknown problem that must be acknowledged, explained, and confronted.

In summary, the conference was an excellent experience and provided great insight into one of the major social problems that many societies face today.  Tens of millions of young girls and women are affected by FGM, an experience that carries potentially severe physical and psychological repercussions.  Conferences such as the End Female Genital Mutilation are crucial for raising the awareness necessary for bringing about systemic change in our communities.  This awareness can and, we hope, will help shape policies that can curb FGM both in the UK and abroad.

Hayden Pirkle, Research Intern

Back to Blogging

After a long hiatus from blogging, which was predominantly due to a lengthy period of intellectual dormancy brought on by five months living in the suburbs of New Jersey and having a job in construction, I have finally decided to start blogging again.

For those who don’t know, I am currently living in London where I am pursing a masters degree in Middle East Politics at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS).  The program, which is a year long, has thus far proven to be extremely interesting, fulfilling and work intensive.  My professors and classmates are are diverse and I think it is safe to say that they are, for the most part, cut from a different cloth.

In terms of living accommodations, I live in an institution called Goodenough College which is, from what I am told, similar to the “college”-type setting found at Oxford and Cambridge.  Students here at Goodenough are all studying at the post-graduate level and thus far I have met some very intelligent, motivated, and outgoing individuals.  There is a very scholarly air to the place although people still manage to throw down quite frequently.

As you might imagine, my day-to-day life is perhaps a bit more mundane than that of my time in Cairo so I’m going to be writing about a bit more academic issues, in a bit more academic style.  Aside from expressing my opinions, ideas, and beliefs that arise from lectures, readings, and current events, blogging in such a manner is going to serve as good practice for my forthcoming essays that are due throughout the year.  In essence, I need to get my fingers and mind moving again.

I hope that everyone finds my posts to be interesting and insightful and as usual, feedback and commentary are always welcomed.